A DASH indicates added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought. There are two types of dashes, the EM DASH, and the EN DASH. If you don’t know the difference, it’s okay! An EM DASH sets apart parenthetical phrases or clauses in a sentence. In this way, “em dashes” are similar to commas […]
AWHILE is an adverb, meaning “briefly” or “for a time.” A WHILE is a noun phrase comprised of two words: “a” (the article) and “while” (the noun). The phrase means “a period of time.” For example, “The kids played awhile in the backyard.”For example “He ran for a while before he needed to take a […]
FARTHER and FURTHER both mean “at a greater distance,” and they often are used interchangeably in this sense — but they are not quite the same. Let’s take a look: FARTHER typically refers to physical length or distance. It is the comparative form of the word “far” when referring to distance. FURTHER typically refers to […]
The basic rule is to use THAT before a restrictive clause and WHICH before everything else. But what does that even mean? Here’s the breakdown: THAT: a restrictive clause A restrictive clause is a part of a sentence that you CANNOT remove because it specifically “restricts” some other part of the sentence. Here’s an example: […]
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CONJUNCTIONS are special words that connect two or more sentences, clauses, or parts of clauses. “Coordinating” and “subordinating” conjunctions are two main types of conjunctions. But what does that mean? Coordinating conjunctions link together two words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that are grammatically equivalent. You use them when you want to give equal emphasis to […]
A COMMA SPLIT occurs when you put a comma where it doesn’t belong in a sentence. Many people put commas where they don’t belong because they think there’s some sort of natural pause in the sentence — and therefore it needs a comma. Don’t do it! A comma split is NOT a comma splice, which […]
American English and British English rules for punctuating with quotation marks are different. Here are the rules for how to incorporate punctuation and quotation marks properly.A ALWAYS ON THE INSIDE: PERIODS AND COMMASIn American English, periods and commas are ALWAYS on the inside of quotation marks. This is one major difference from British English, which […]
The “Oxford Comma” is also known as the “serial comma.” This punctuation mark is placed immediately before the coordinating conjunction (usually “and,” “or,” or “nor”) in a series of three or more terms. The necessity of the Oxford Comma is a hotly debated topic. Some dismiss it as overly pretentious or merely unnecessary. Using an […]
BAD is an adjective that means “the opposite of good,” “poor quality” or “not well.”BADLY is the adverb form of “bad.” Action verbs, which describe an activity or movement, need adverbs to modify how the action is being done. Linking verbs, which “link” the subject to a predicate, require adjectives to modify them. A linking […]
WHO’S: a contraction of “who is” OR “who has.” WHOSE: a possessive of “who,” (i.e., to whom does this belong?) The apostrophe in WHO’S is the main difficulty for people. Most of the time, an apostrophe -s indicates possession, but in this particular case, it is merely functioning as a contraction. “Whose” is similar to […]
COMPLEMENT can be both a noun and a verb. They refer to something that goes well with something else (i.e., “completes it”). The adjective form is “complementary.” For example, “This cheese COMPLEMENTS the red wine nicely.”For example, “The silk scarf is a nice COMPLEMENT to her dress.” COMPLIMENT can also be a noun and verb. […]
PASSED is the past tense and past participle of the verb “to “pass.” It means to move on or ahead; proceed. It can function as both a transitive and intransitive verb. For example, “The car passed me in the left lane.”“I unknowingly passed by her in the crowd.” PAST has a several meanings, such as […]
A participle is a form of a verb. English has two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles are easy to identify: they end in –ing. For instance, “speed” is a verb, and “speeding” is its present participle. To use “speeding” as an adjective-like participle, you could say “Follow that speeding car.” […]